This article first appeared in the Joutrnal of the Old Tuam Society (JOTS) 2015.
The question was recently posed by David
Burke in the Tuam Herald of 21
February 2013 whether there was a coat of arms for the Catholic Archdiocese of
Tuam. Over the past two hundred years the Roman Catholic Archbishops of Tuam
have used arms. Since the Cathedral of the Assumption was built, the best known
local instance of such heraldry to generations of Tuam people must certainly be
those arms, of the long-serving Archbishop John MacHale (from 1834-81) that are displayed over the west doorway and date from August 1836. It
is now two hundred years since the Episcopal ordination of Dr Oliver Kelly as
Archbishop of Tuam in 1815. He had been Vicar Capitular of the archdiocese for
six years following the death of his predecessor, Archbishop Dillon in 1809.
The arms used by Archbishop Dillon and those who succeeded him are examined in
response to the question above. Of these ten archbishops, four have used the
arms of the archdiocese only, while the remaining six impaled their arms.
When the arms of a diocesan bishop are
impaled, the arms of the diocese are displayed on the dexter side (left to the
viewer) while the personal arms of the bishop are carried on the sinister side (right
to the viewer). The reader could correctly point out that ‘sinister’ translates
as ‘left’, this refers to the holder of the shield, so what is ‘left’ to the
bearer of the shield would be ‘right to the viewer’. The present Archbishop, Dr
Michael Neary impales the arms of Tuam (the version with the cross and broken
wheel) along with his personal arms. Bishop Patrick Rooke, the present Church
of Ireland Bishop of the United Dioceses of Tuam, Killala and Achonry uses the
arms of Tuam (the version bearing three figures under three canopies) along
with the arms of Killala/Achonry (the open book and crozier), representing the
two Cathedrals namely St Mary's in Tuam and St Patrick's in Killala. These latter
arms were confirmed in 2012.
Fig.
1: The impaled arms of Tuam (1) and of Killala & Achonry as used by Bishop
Patrick Rooke
Photo. courtesy of Bishop Rooke
Fig. 2: The impaled arms of Tuam (3)and Neary for Archbishop Michael
Neary
Photo. courtesy of the Archdiocese of Tuam
Attention is drawn to the two
nineteenth-century Church of Ireland Archbishops of Tuam. There was a change in
the metropolitan status of the Church of Ireland Archdiocese of Tuam when the
archdiocese merged with the dioceses of Killala and Achonry to became the United
Dioceses of Tuam, Killala and Achonry in the Archdiocese of Armagh. This change
came into effect on the death of Archbishop Power Le Poer Trench in 1839. His
predecessor was Archbishop William Beresford. The arms of both these
archbishops are depicted on stained-glass windows at St Mary's Cathedral and
their heraldry was detailed in JOTS (Bellew 2010, 70-75). The heraldry
associated with the Cathedral of the Assumption was also detailed in JOTS
(Bellew 2009, 8-13). Returning to the above question, the article now focuses
on the ecclesiastical heraldry associated with the Roman Catholic archdiocese
and archbishops.
The Arms of Tuam
(Version 1)
The use of arms for Irish dioceses was
well established by the early 1700s. James Terry was Athlone Pursuivant (a
junior officer of arms in Ireland) at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, the court of James
II, during the latter's exile. The roll of arms compiled by Terry illustrates the
arms for Irish dioceses with entitlements of Catholic bishops. These are
depicted with pontifical hats and double-traversed crosses (McCarthy c. 2003, pp. 23-29). The same arms were
generally used in both denominations. In the case of Tuam, the depictions of
the arms in both cathedrals are similar.
These arms contain three standing
figures; on the dexter side (viewer's left) is a mitred bishop (abbot) with his dexter hand giving benediction and his sinister
(viewer's right) hand holding a crozier; on the centre is the Blessed Virgin
with the Christ child in her arms; on the sinister is St John holding his dexter
hand upwards, and in his sinister a lamb. All three figures are wearing
vestments and all three are beneath Gothic canopies (Burke 1884, p. 1034).
Fig.
3: Tuam: The arms of Tuam (1) at the Cathedral of the Assumption
Fig.4:
Tuam: The arms of Tuam (1) at St Mary's Cathedral
Some
confusion seems to have arisen as St John is often shown with wings as is the
case in both cathedrals. This confusion may rest with some earlier sources such
as Ware (1739, p. 601) where the figure in question is stated to be 'an Angel,
having his right Hand elevated, and a Lamb on his left Arm'. Vinycomb and Garstin (1897, p. 110) note that it is St John the Baptist
who is on the sinister side. They also refer to the drawing in Ulster’s office
(now the Chief Herald’s office) where St John is shown on the arms without
wings. Some of the sources are not clear as to the identity of the figure with
the mitre. Vinycomb and Garstin have a question mark on St Jarlath while
Papworth (1874, p. 955) notes that the figure is 'S. Hierlatius' (St Jarlath).
The depiction of these arms on a stained-glass window in the chapel at St
Patrick’s College, Maynooth serves to illustrate how further confusion can
arise where St John (without wings) is depicted on the dexter side and the
bishop on the sinister side. These arms denoted as
Tuam (Version 1) were borne by the Roman Catholic Archbishops of Tuam during
the nineteenth century. They
still continue to be used by Church of Ireland bishops as shown on Bishop Rooke's
arms.
In a
forthcoming article Ruairí Ó hAodha notes the dedication of the Church of St
John the Baptist at Tuam in the year 1140. This clarification of St John the
Baptist is important in the context of the arms of Tuam. Claffey (2009, p. 3) notes
the establishment of the house for the Augustinian canons known as St John's
Priory, under the patronage of Toirdelbach Ó Conchobair. His reference to the
Synod of Tuam and related events in 1172 from the Annals of Tigernach could
well indeed explain the presence of St Jarlath, the Blessed Virgin Mary and St
John the Baptist on the arms. The Synod was the occasion on which the
archbishop consecrated no fewer than three churches, all of which may have been
in Tuam itself. Claffey has suggested that these were St Mary's Cathedral
rebuilt about 1152, the Priory Church of St John the Baptist and thirdly the
church of the relics of St Jarlath known as Templenascreen.
The Arms of Tuam
(Version 2)
In the Roman Catholic tradition two subsequent versions
of the diocesan arms were devised in the twentieth century. The arms denoted as
Tuam (Version 2) depict a bishop (St Jarlath) in full pontificals. These arms
were used by the first two twentieth-century archbishops. A seal of Archbishop
Felix O'Ruadan in Harris's edition of Ware (1739, p. 601) may point to the
origin of these arms. The engraving of Archbishop O'Ruadan's seal is inscribed
'SIG: FÆL. O RUADAN. ARCHIEP: TUAM. 1202. It has been remarked that this seems
to be an implausibly early date on a seal and the Arabic numerals would be
unusual.
Fig. 5: Maynooth:
The arms of Tuam (1) at St Patrick's College
Fig. 6: The seal
of Archbishop O'Ruadan from Ware's History (1739)
The Arms of Tuam
(Version 3)
The modern version of the diocesan arms,
Tuam (Version 3) bears a Latin cross surmounted in the base by a broken chariot wheel. The
broken wheel is a reminder of the providential ‘breakdown’ of St Jarlath’s
chariot on his journey through Tuam. The Book of Lismore provides a dialogue
between St Jarlath and St Brendan who interpreted a dream for him to build a
community wherever the chariot broke down (Claffey 1986, p. 5). It may be asked
whether the arms of the Irish dioceses can be used today by bishops of either
denomination. Since most of the arms originated after the Reformation, their
use by Catholic bishops cannot be seen as a resumption of an earlier right. There
is an opinion that their legal existence was terminated at the disestablishment
of the Church of Ireland. However it may be
argued that when a bishop of either denomination receives an exemplification of
his arms impaled by the diocesan coat, the latter are thereby revived (Crotty
2000, pp. 6-8).
Fig.
7: Castlebar: The arms of Tuam (2) at the Church of the Holy Rosary
Fig. 8: The arms of Tuam (3) used by Archbishop Joseph Cunnane
Photo. courtesy of the Archdiocese of Tuam
Achievement of arms
The achievement of arms of a Roman
Catholic bishop includes the galero (priestly
hat). In ecclesiastical heraldry the mitre was used instead of the
secular helmet and crest. However the galero in turn gradually replaced the
mitre in Roman Catholic heraldry. It indicates the rank in the heraldic
achievement of clergy where the colours of hat and the number of tassels on
each chord are assigned as follows; cardinals red (15), archbishops green (10)
and bishops green (6). It is not just the hat alone which indicates rank. A double-traversed cross staff is placed behind the
shield of an archbishop. This represents the cross carried before him in
processions, which, however has a single traverse. Bishops are not entitled to
the processional use of such a cross, but in heraldry they have acquired the
right to place a single-traversed cross behind their shields (Crotty 2000, pp.
6-8).
Fig. 9: Tuam: The impaled arms of Tuam (1) and MacHale (Hale)
Table 1: The
Archbishops of Tuam
(The version of
arms used is given in brackets)
(An asterisk
indicates the use of the diocesan arms only)
Archbishop Dillon
Six archbishops have impaled their arms
these being Archbishops Dillon, Kelly, MacHale, Healy, Cassidy and Neary. The
first of these was Archbishop Edward Dillon (from 1798-1809) who was born in
the parish of Caltra, Ballinasloe in 1739. He had been superior of the Irish
College at Douai in the 1780s and was a relative of Michael Bellew of
Mountbellew whose wife was Jane Dillon, daughter of Henry Dillon of Kinclare,
Caltra. Bellew's brother-in-law Edmund Taaffe, was a land agent for Viscount
Dillon (Costello-Gallen, Co Sligo), who in turn was brother to Archbishop
Arthur Dillon of Narbonne (from 1763-1806) (Harvey 1998, p. 102). The use of
this connection was suggested while attempting to secure an earlier bishopric
for Edward Dillon. He was appointed coadjutor bishop of Kilmacduagh in 1794 and
succeeded to that See the following year. The source of
reference, for the impaled arms of Tuam (Version 1) with Dillon, is the unpublished
manuscript on Irish Catholic Heraldry by the late Michael McCarthy (c. 2003, p. 330), an Australian
heraldist, who died in 2007. The Dillon arms cited by McCarthy were the same as
those used by the Archbishop of Narbonne.
Archbishop Kelly
Archbishop
Oliver Kelly (from 1815-34) impaled the arms of Tuam (Version 1) with Kelly and
used the family motto 'Turris Fortis Mihi
Deus' ('God is my strong tower').
These
arms were found on a seal owned by Dr T.B. Costello carrying the inscription
'Oliverius Archiepiscopus Tuamensis MDCCCXV' (Armstrong 1913/14, pp. 227-233).
The Kelly arms are also depicted on the east window in the Cathedral. Following
Dr Dillon’s death in 1809, Tuam was to be without an archbishop for more than
five years. The clergy met and elected Dr Oliver Kelly as Vicar Capitular of
the archdiocese. The ambitious Bishop Dominick Bellew (of Killala) and others in
the province sought preferment. The western bishops met at Moylough in
September 1809 and rejected Kelly as an ‘inexperienced, ambitious, imprudent
young man’. The situation was not resolved until 1814 when Pope Pius VII was released
after five years in exile. By then the main protagonists against Dr Kelly had
died including Dr Bellew. Without hesitation his name went to Rome and he was
appointed archbishop in September 1814. The episcopal ordination took place in
March 1815 (Coen 1977, 14-29).
Archbishop MacHale
The arms of Archbishop John MacHale are
depicted over the west doorway of the cathedral where those of Tuam (Version 1)
impale the personal arms of Hale (an English family in Gloucester) chosen by Dr
MacHale. These were unlikely to have been officially granted to the archbishop.
Around the time of Catholic Emancipation it is possible that heraldry was
viewed by some of the Catholic Hierarchy as an activity of the ‘Establishment’
and it was not seen to be embraced by Dr MacHale in an 1833 letter to the Lord
Bishop of Exeter (MacHale 1847, Letter LXVIII, p. 331).
It is not, then,
your titles we assume, … our heraldry is from heaven. Our shield is faith; its field vermillion, from the blood of the
martyrs, and emblazoned with the light of hope; on the two compartments of this
divine escutcheon, are to be seen the sword
of the spirit and the breast-plate of
justice, whilst the crest that crowns the whole, is the helmet of salvation. With such armorial
bearings, the trophies of many a hard-fought fight … and in the language of the inspired artist of
our shield, defy the fiery darts of our enemies.
Fig. 10: The impaled arms of Tuam (1) and Kelly for Archbishop Oliver
Kelly
Photo. courtesy of G.A.H.S.
Fig. 9: Tuam: The impaled arms of Tuam (1) and MacHale (Hale)
Archbishop MacEvilly
Archbishop
John MacEvilly succeeded Dr MacHale in 1881 having been Coadjutor Archbishop since
January 1878. Dr MacEvilly did not bear personal arms. The use of the diocesan
arms (Tuam, Version 1) have been attributed to him by McCarthy (c. 2003, p. 330). It seems that he
rarely used arms if at all. Official notepaper bearing a coat of arms used by Dr
MacEvilly has not been seen in the diocesan archives. His notepaper was a ruled
blue copy-book (personnel communication with Canon Kieran Waldron). However
personal arms are attributed to him over the gateway at the Church of Our Lady
of the Rosary, Castlebar along with the inscription 'His Grace John MacEvilly
Archbishop of Tuam 1881-1902'. Also displayed there are the arms of Pope Leo
XIII, the arms of Tuam (Version 3) and the arms of the Urban District Council
of Castlebar (granted in 1953). The addition of these arms in recent decades do
not suggest the use of arms by Dr MacEvilly, but recognises his role in
bringing the 'MacEvilly church' to completion in 1901.
Fig.
11: Castlebar: A coat of arms attributed to Archbishop John MacEvilly
Archbishop Healy
Archbishop John Healy (from 1903-18)
whose motto was 'In Cruce
Salus' ('Salvation from the cross')
impaled the arms of Tuam (Version 2) with his personal arms. He was born in
Ballinfad, Co Sligo and from an early age developed an interest in history, later
claiming descent from the medieval Healy chieftains of north Roscommon. Dr
Healy was a prolific writer and two of his histories included the Centenary
History of Maynooth (1895) and the Life of St Patrick (1905). No doubt it was
Dr Healy who devised the arms of Tuam (Version 2) as he was the first to use
them. Before his appointment to Tuam, Dr Healy was Bishop in Clonfert and the
impaled arms of Clonfert and Healy (Hely) are depicted on a stained-glass
window in Maynooth. While he was in Clonfert he had the family ‘crest’
(likely the coat of arms) painted on his car. (Joyce 1931, p. 4). The
arms of Hely chosen by Dr Healy were unlikely to have been officially granted.
Archbishop Gilmartin
Archbishop Thomas
Gilmartin (from 1918-39) used the arms of Tuam (Version 2) only, without
bearing personal arms. His motto was 'In
Omnibus Caritas' ('Charity in all
things'). Dr Gilmartin who was born in Rhinsinna, Castlebar in 1861, became
Bishop of Clonfert in 1910 and succeeded Dr Healy as archbishop in 1918. His
fellow Castlebar-man and contemporary, Fr Michael Higgins in June 1912 was
ordained Auxiliary Bishop in Tuam. Following Dr Healy's death in 1918, Bishop
Higgins was appointed Apostolic Administrator of the Archdiocese but he died
shortly before a successor was chosen (Canning 1987, p. 322). The monument in
the Church of the Holy Rosary at Castlebar to Bishop Michael Higgins contains the diocesan arms (Tuam, Version 2)
along with motto 'In Omnibus Caritas'.
The presence of Dr Gilmartin's motto suggests that he was instrumental in the
erection of the monument.
Fig. 12: Maynooth: The arms of Clonfert and Healy used by Bishop John Healy
Fig. 13: The arms of Tuam (2) and Healy for
Archbishop John Heal
Photo. courtesy of the Archdiocese of Tuam
Archbishop Walsh
The modern version of the diocesan arms
(Tuam, Version 3) were devised during the episcopate of Archbishop Joseph Walsh
(from 1940-69). He did not bear personal arms and the version of arms
used by Dr Walsh included water at the base of the cross. He was President of
St Jarlath's College before his appointment as Auxiliary Bishop in 1938. The Old Tuam Society was formed in
1942 with Dr Tom Costello as first President and Dr Walsh as Patron. On St
Jarlath's feast day (6 June) 1943 Archbishop Walsh led a pilgrimage to
Toberjarlath. This period saw a revival of local interest in St
Jarlath. The broken chariot wheel, depicted on the modern diocesan arms, also
features on the arms granted to St Jarlath's College in 1955 and on the later grant
to the Town.
Dr Walsh's motto was 'Dominus Adjutor Meus' ('The
Lord is my helper').
Knock
The papal arms of Pope
St John Paul II, on the basilica at the National Marian Shrine in Knock, are of
significant interest in the context of the ecclesiastical heraldry of the
archdiocese. The Marian theme of Knock has influenced the arms of Archbishop
Michael Neary and of Archbishop Eamon Martin. The visit of Pope St John Paul II
to the shrine in September 1979 commemorated the centenary of the apparition in
August 1879 when the Blessed Virgin Mary, St Joseph (to her right) and St John
the Evangelist (to her left) appeared at the gable of the Church. Beside the
figures and a little to the right in the centre of the gable was a large plain
altar. On the altar stood a Lamb in front of a large cross, around which angels
hovered for the duration of the apparition. The arms of Archbishop Eamon
Martin, Primate of All-Ireland, depict a lamb standing in front of a cross.
Pope Benedict XVI referred to his
predecessor's arms on his beatification (1 May 2011). The image of Mary, the Mother of God at the foot of cross (St
John 19:25-27), was taken up in the episcopal and later in the papal coat of arms
of Karol Wojtyła; a golden cross with the letter 'M' on the lower right. His motto
was 'Totus tuus' ('all that I have is yours'). The Queen of Angels window in Knock Parish Church,
donated by Cardinal McIntyre during the Marian Year of 1954, carries the arms
of Los Angeles (archdiocese) and those of McIntyre along with his motto 'Miserere mei Deus' (' Have mercy on me O God').
Fig.
14: Westport: the late Archbishop Joseph Cunnane speaking with Pope St John
Paul II
Fig.
15: Knock: The arms of Pope St John Paul II
Archbishop Cunnane
The late Archbishop
Joseph Cunnane had a great devotion to the Shrine of Our Lady at Knock, in the
parish where he was born in 1913. On the feast
of Our Lady's Assumption in 1974 he laid the foundation stone for the
new church that was called the Church of Our
Lady, Queen of Ireland. It was designed
by architects Louis J. Brennan, Brian Brennan and Dáithí P. Hanly (long-time
Chairman of the Heraldry Society of. Ireland). Cardinal William
Conway blessed the church on the Feast of the Assumption in 1976 and it was
raised to the status of Basilica during the visit of Pope St John Paul II. A
stained-glass window by George Walsh (1979) at St Mary's Church in Westport
commemorating the centenary of the apparition at Knock portrays Dr Cunnane
speaking with Pope St John Paul II. The late Archbishop used the
diocesan arms (Tuam, Version 3) and did not bear personal arms. His motto was 'Familiam Dei Aedificare' ('To build up the family of God'). Dr Cunnane
retired in 1987 and resided in Knock until 1993. He returned to Tuam and died
there on 8 March 2001.
Archbishop Neary
Archbishop Michael Neary who succeeded
Archbishop Cassidy in 1995 was granted personal arms by the Chief Herald in
1992 after becoming auxiliary Bishop in Tuam. To evoke Christian meaning he
chose annulets (rings) from the arms of Neary and of Gibbons, his mother's
family. Two of the rings are transformed on his arms to represent the ancient
Christian symbols, the sun representing Christ, the light of world and the moon
representing the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Church. The central ring is an
emblem of the wedding band of gold and its promise of fidelity. Dr Neary's arms
also reflect his family’s closeness and affinity with the Marian Shrine at
Knock. The Marian theme is reflected by the Marian monogram at the base of the
shield and by the presence of the lamb on the chief. The monogram symbolises
Mary, the Mother of God drawing the faithful towards her son. The presence of
the lamb evokes the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world. In turn
this represents the centrality of the sacrament of reconciliation at Knock. Archbishop
Neary's motto is 'Fidelis et Misericors'
('Faithful and Merciful'). The
impaled arms of Tuam (Version 3) and Neary as crafted by Ms Ursula Klinger in
2000 are present in the Cathedral.
Archbishop Cassidy
The late
Archbishop Joseph Cassidy (from 1987-94) whose Irish motto was 'Le Caoineas Chríost' ('With the gentleness of Christ') impaled the arms of Tuam (Version 3) with his personal arms. He
adapted the 'usual' Cassidy arms by replacing the white boar, at the base of
the shield, with a white lion standing on a snake or serpent. This addition by
Dr Cassidy adds a Christian context to the Cassidy arms whereby the lion refers to
Christ, the conquering Lion of the tribe of Judah (Rev 5:5) overcoming the
power of evil as authorised to the disciples 'I have given you authority to
tread on snakes and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy ... '(Luke
10:19). The image also appeals to the Irish psyche where St Patrick 'banishes'
the snakes from Ireland. The addition of a third lion to the Cassidy arms also
evokes the image of the Trinity. Archbishop Cassidy died on 31 January 2013 and is buried in the grounds of Moore Church
where he served as Parish Priest (1995-2009).
Fig. 16: The impaled arms of Tuam (3) and Cassidy for Archbishop Joseph Cassidy
Photo. courtesy of the Archdiocese of Tuam
Bishop Michael Browne
The Archdiocese of Tuam was established
with suffragan dioceses in 1152 at the Synod of Kells. In the modern Roman
Catholic administration these are Achonry, Clonfert, Elphin, Killala along with
the combined diocese* of Galway, Kilmacduagh and Kilfenora. Bishop
Michael Browne’s arms are of interest. He was born in Westport in 1895 and was
Bishop of Galway* from 1937 to 1976. The impaled arms of Galway*
and of Browne (granted in 1961) are in the Cathedral of Our Lady Assumed into
Heaven and St Nicholas at Galway. Bishop Browne used the motto 'Veritate et Aequitate' ('Truth and Justice'). The arms of Galway*
represent the coming together of three ancient communities under their patrons;
St Nicholas (Patron of Galway) is depicted along with
the three maidens whom he helped; the book and crozier refer to St Colman,
founder of the diocese of Kilmacduagh and the rose recalls an incident in the
life of St Fachanan, Patron of the diocese of Kilfenora.
Cardinal Terence Cooke
A cardinal with local Tuam connections
was Cardinal Terence Cooke (1921-83) of New York. His father Michael Cooke was
from Cuillagh (Abbeyknockmoy) and his mother Margaret Gannon came from Shoodaun
(Newcastle, Athenry). His cause for sainthood has been initiated and he is now
a Servant of God. He became Archbishop of New York in 1968 and the following
year was elevated to cardinal. The surname of Cooke is a variant of Mac Dabóc,
a name of a branch of the Burke family. Cardinal Cooke then based his arms on
those of Burke, a gold field divided by a red cross with a black lion rampant
in the first quarter (Ryan 1968). These arms probably allowed him develop a
theology whereby the black lion refers to Christ, the conquering Lion of the
tribe of Judah (Rev 5:5). The death and resurrection of Christ would then be symbolised
by the cross and by the tau cross respectively. Ryan attributes the tau cross
to St Terence, an early Christian martyr and saint. The descent of the Holy
Spirit is also represented on the arms by the depiction of the flame in the
fourth quarter. The other two quarters bear an ermine spot from the arms of
Cardinal Spellman whom Cardinal Cooke had served as Auxiliary Bishop. A
biographical sketch released by the archdiocese in 1978 stated that his father,
along with Cardinal Spellman was the greatest influence in his life (Groeschel
and Weber 1990, p. 81). He visited Ireland shortly after his ordination likely
in the summer of 1946 when he gave his first blessing to parishioners in his
mother's native parish of Newcastle and probably likewise in Abbeyknockmoy. His
motto was 'Fiat voluntas tua' ('Thy will be done').
Fig 17: Galway: The impaled arms of Galway and Browne for Bishop Michael
Browne
Fig. 18: The personal arms of Cardinal
Terence Cooke
References
Armstrong, E.C.R. 1913/14 'Some Seal Matrices Connected with the
Province of Tuam' in Journal of Galway Archaeological
and Historical Society, Vol.
8, part 4, pp. 227-33.
Bellew, S. 2009 'Heraldry
in the Cathedral of the Assumption' in JOTS, Vol. 6, pp.
8-13.
Bellew,
S. 2010 'Heraldry in St Mary's Cathedral' in JOTS, Vol. 7,
pp. 70-75.
Burke,
B. 1884 General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland and
Wales.
Burke, D. 21/2/2013 ‘Omnibus: Coats of Arms’ in The Tuam
Herald, p. 12.
Canning, B.J. 1987 Bishops of Ireland 1870-1987.
Claffey,
J.A. 1986 The Cathedral of the Assumption: Tuam.
Claffey,
J.A. 2009 Irish Historic Towns Atlas: Tuam.
Coen, M. 1977 'The Choosing of Oliver Kelly
for the See of Tuam 1809-15', in Journal of Galway Archaeological and
Historical Society, Vol.
36, pp. 14-29.
Crotty,
G. 2000 ‘Heraldry in Ireland’, part 13 in Irish Roots, No. 1, pp. 6-8.
Harvey, K. 1998 The Bellews of Mount Bellew.
Groeschel, B.J. 1990 Thy
Will be done: A Spiritual Portrait of Terence Cardinal & Weber,T. Cooke.
Joyce, P.J. 1931 John Healy, Archbishop of Tuam.
MacHale, J. 1847 The
Letters of the Most Reverend John Mac Hale D.D.
… Archbishop
of Tuam.
McCarthy, M. c. 2003 'An Armorial of the Hierarchy of the
Catholic Church in Ireland',
an unpublished manuscript in the Genealogical Office, Dublin.
Ó hAodha, R. 'From
"gore bed" to royal circuit Toirdelbach Ó Conchobair and the bloody birth of Tuam (1115)',
forthcoming.
Papworth, J.W. 1874 Papworth’s
Ordinary of British Armorials.
Ryan, W.F.J. 1968 'Cardinal
Cooke's Coat of Arms' in 'The New York Catholic' dated
4 April 1968.
Vinycomb,
J. 1897 ‘Arms of the Bishoprics of Ireland ... Chap.
II: The Province of
& Garstin, J.R. Armagh (with Tuam)’ in Ulster Journal of
Archaeology, Vol. 3, No. 2 (Jan. 1897), pp. 99-112.
Ware, J. 1739 Sir James Ware's
History of the Bishops of the Kingdom of Ireland. (Published by Walter
Harris, husband of Sir James Ware's
great-granddaughter, Mary.)
Official Records of the Chief Herald
Vol. R, fol. 11, Urban District Council of Castlebar, 1953
Vol. R, fol. 35, St Jarlath's College, 1955
Vol. S, fol. 31, Bishop Michael Browne, 1961
Vol. X, fol. 23, Tuam Town Commissioners, 1991
Vol. X, fol. 35a, Bishop Michael Neary, 1992
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Most Revd Michael Neary, Archbishop of Tuam and The
Rt Revd Patrick W Rooke, Bishop of Tuam, Killala and Achonry for their
encouragement and support as well as Revd Fintan
Monahan, Diocesan Secretary, Archbishop's House for his help and assistance. Canon
Kieran Waldron (Tuam Diocesan Archive) provided advice and assistance with
research and photographs. Tom Kilgarriff (Galway Diocesan Archive) contributed
helpful information. For help with Cardinal Cooke's arms, I am grateful to Deacon
Paul J. Sullivan, U.S.A. and Revd John Hogan Adm., Rathkenny, Co Meath. I
acknowledge Kieran Hoare and Galway Archaeological and Historical Society for
the kind permission to use the Kelly photograph from the 1913/14 Journal.
Thanks also to Dr J.A. Claffey and Micheál Ó Comáin. I would like to especially thank Gerard Crotty for the use of some
paragraphs from his work and for reading drafts of this article and for many
helpful comments. Finally thanks to Ruairí Ó hAodha and the editorial team of
JOTS.
Personal Arms
Browne Or, an eagle displayed with two
heads, in chief two towers sable.
Burke Or, a cross gules, in the dexter
canton a lion rampant sable.
Cassidy Per chevron argent and gules, in
chief two lions rampant gules, each holding a daisy,
slipped proper and in base a lion rampant argent standing on a serpent vert
Cooke Or,
on a cross nowy gules, a tau cross of the first; in the first quarter, a lion
rampant sable; in the fourth, an urn of the same with flames issuant proper; in
the second and third, an ermine spot of the third.
Dillon
Argent,
a lion rampant between three crescents.
(Mac)Hale
(Alderley, Gloucester) Argent a fess sable, in chief three
cinquefoils argent.
Kelly Azure, a tower triple-towered
supported by two lions rampant argent as many chains
descending from the battlements between the lions’ legs or.
Healy (Hely) Azure a
fess between three stags heads erased in chief argent and a demi lion rampant at base or, for Hely in
Hely-Hutchison.
MacEvilly (Staunton) Argent, two chevrons and bordure engrailed sable.
Neary Per fess gules and azure on a fess
of the first fimbriated between in chief a lamb
passant and in base the Marian monogram (MR) all argent, an annulet between on the dexter a sun
and on the sinister the moon, or.
Pope
St John Paul II
Azure a cross
or, the upright placed to dexter and the crossbar enhanced, in sinister base an M of the
same.
Arms of Dioceses
Achonry (Roman Catholic) Argent a crozier in
pale or debruised in fess with an open book
argent, bound azure, all between four trefoils slipped vert.
Galway (R.C.)
Azure, a bishop (St Nicholas) in benediction in full pontificals proper, with a
crozier between, in chief three mullets argent and in base three children
kneeling or for Galway; impaling Gules, a crozier in pale or, debruised in fess
with an open book argent, bound or for Kilmacduagh; a point in base vert, a
rose for Kilfenora.
Killala Gules a crozier in pale or, suppressed by a book proper garnished and
clasped gold.
Tuam
2 Azure, St
Jarlath in full pontificals argent or.
Tuam
3 Sable a Latin
cross argent eradiated downwards or surmounted by a broken chariot wheel.
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